Tropopause folding events (TFs) are characterized by the rapid and deep descent of the tropopause and is considered to play a significant role in mass exchange between the stratosphere and troposphere. In the present study, TFs occurring in the …

The tropopause is the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere and is normally defined by the temperature lapse rate. Previous studies have noted that synoptic-scale and planetary-scale disturbances bring about lapse-rate-tropopause (LRT) …

The variability of upper tropospheric clouds during stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) in 2009, 2010, and 2012 in the Northern Hemisphere is examined using satellite observations and reanalysis data. It is shown that the zonal mean cloud frequency …